Teleducação - Introdução

Designações

• Distance education
• Distance learning
• TeleEducation
• Telelearning
• CAI-Computer Aided Instruction
• CBT-Computer Based Trainning
• CBL-Computer-Based Learning
• WBT-Web Based Trainning

Definições

Distance Education

• Use CAI packages developed by others in your classes.
• Distribute your own class material using the Internet.
• Use live videoconferencing over the Internet.
• Use E-mail to receive assignments and communicate with Students.

Computer Aided Instruction on the Internet

• Available Any time, anywhere in the World.
• Use Video and Sound to enhance learning.
• Use forms to do on-line testing.
• Relatively easy to produce.
• Some teach WWW development to students.

CBT: COMPUTER-BASED TRAINING

Como o nome indica, CBT-Computer Based Training é o treinamento proporcionado via computador, mas não necessáriamente sobre computadores ou sobre tecnologia de computadores.

Aplicações de CBT tem sido desenvolvidas para desenvolver habilidades, adquirir conhecimento e atitudes em uma grande variade de áreas.

Até pouco tempo atrás, CBT era usado basicamente de forma linear, baseado em textos, nada mais do que um apresentador de páginas, uma a uma.

O CBT atual, evoluiu para sistemas instrucionais interativos, centrados no usuário, que usam extensivamente gráficos, fotografias, animação, som e vídeo animado. Isto é denominado multimídia.

Todavia, multimídia é CBT apenas se o meio atende a um objetivo instrucional.

Ferramentas avançadas de "autoração" reuzem as dificuldades técnicas para desenvolver sistemas interativos que usam intensamente tais recursos.

Assim, o desenvolvedor pode concentrar-se no objetivo educacional de usar múltiplas mídias.

Até reentementem aplicações CBT não podiam ser rápida e economicamente atualizadas à medida em que o conteúdo se alterava. For exemplo, treinamento na Internet propriamente dita, poderia ficar desatualizado muito rapidamente, desde do momento em que o CBT fosse projetado, codficado e distribuído. Alem disso,produzir CBT para múltiplas plataformas de apresentação é sempre mais caro do que produzir para um único sistema computacional. Estas desvantagens podem ser superadas se for projetado um CBT com facilidade de modificação e possibilidadede apresentaçãouniversal, e se for escolhido um método de produção e distribuição que minimize retardos na entrega. O Web é uma solução ideal para estes problemas, portanto, treinamento braseado em WWW inevitavelmente transformará CBT em um sistema de treinamento universalmente acessível.

Why Computer Based Training?

Studies indicate that computer based training has advantages over traditional classroom instruction.

Not only is CBT an improved method of teaching, but the improvement can be seen in a variety of measurable areas, and by significant percentages.

Faster Learning Better Understanding Higher Content Retention Individualized Learning Pace Modular Approach Consistent Delivery Portability

Myths Dispelled Some common myths about CBT exist which must be dispelled at the outset:

CBT is generally NOT training on how to use a computer.

While this is one possible use of CBT, it is in no way the main-stay application

CBT lessons generally should NOT require much prerequisite level of computer literacy or keyboarding skills for the student.

Most PROPERLY DESIGNED CBT lessons are relatively easy to use

CBT is NOT a general purpose remedy for all training problems. CBT will not necessarily reduce training time or provide increased competence over other training methods.

These are certainly achievable objectives in a number of situations, but not guaranteed in all cases.

WEB-BASED TRAINING?

As with well-designed CBT, WBT provides self-directed, self-paced instruction in any topic. However, WBT takes advantage of the proliferation of Web browsers and Internet access to deliver media-rich training across all major computer platforms.

The World Wide Web is an ideal vehicle for delivering CBT to individuals anywhere in the world at any time.

Advances in network technology and improvements in bandwidth will usher in capabilities for unlimited multimedia access.

Web browsers that support 3-D virtual reality, animation, interaction, and real-time audio and video will offer unparalleled simulation training opportunities. With the tools at hand today we can craft highly effective WBT to meet the training needs of a diverse population.

As instructional designers and training analysts learn how to write and produce WBT, and as training vendors come to realize the overwhelming advantages of this delivery method, expect an explosion in training offerings available over the Internet.

Razões para buscar o ensino à distância:

• falta de tempo
• distância
• finanças
• oportunidade de fazer cursos
• possibilidade de entrar em contato com outros estudantes de diferentes classes sociais, culturais, econômicas e experimentais.

Como consequência os participantes ganham não só conhecimento, mas também novas habilidades sociais, incluindo a habilidade de comunicar e colaborar com colegas largamente dispersos, quem eles podem nunca ter visto.

Estratégias eficientes no ensino à distância:

• desenvolver métodos apropriados de feedback e reforços;
• adaptar aos diferentes estilos de aprendizado dos alunos;
• usar estudo de casos e exemplos;
• ser conciso;
• complementando os cursos com informações impressas.

Modos de Aprendizado

Outra variável importante na eficácia do aprendizado é a preferência do aluno por um modo particular de aprendizado:

• cooperativo
• competitivo
• individualizado

Muitos projetos de educação à distância incorporam aprendizado cooperativo, projetos colaborativos, e interatividade entre grupos de alunos e entre locais.

Tecnologias utilizadas

• AUDIOCONFERENCING - Voice only connection of two or more people using standard telephone or speaker phones. Audio bridges may link multiple sights.
• AUDIOGRAPHICS - Telephone lines used to transmit audio and graphics. Ex. telefacsimile or electronic blackboard .
• COMPUTER CONFERENCE - Group communication using the computer to share files. Using terminal equipment and telecommunications for two way communication.
• DIAL-UP TELECONFERENCE - Using public phone lines for communication between groups in various locations. ELECTRONIC BLACKBOARD - Really a white board that transmits what is written or drawn.
• FULL MOTION VIDEO - Signal which allows transmission of the complete action.
• FULLY INTERACTIVE AUDIO /VIDEO - (2 way interactive video) Two sites interact with audio and video as if they were in the same place.

Outras definições

• HOLLYWOOD SYNDROME - Behavior based on a highly polished presentations using fast paced visuals for effect.. Often lacks interaction and substance.
• INTERACTIVE MEDIA - Channel that allows for a two way interaction or exchange of information.
• INTERNET- An international network of networks begun by the government to support research among universities and research consortiums.
• SLOW SCAN VIDEO - Transmitter/receiver of still video over narrow band channels. In real time transmission camera subjects must remain still. STILL IMAGE VIDEO - Still images transmitted over standard telephone lines allowing for real time interaction.
• TELECOMMUNICATION - The use of wire, radio, optical or electromagnetic channels to transmitter receive signals for voice or data communications using electrical means.
• TELECONFERENCING - Two way electronic communication between 2 or more groups in separate locations via audio, audiographic, video and computer systems
• TELECOURSE - Course that is sent/received electronically.
• VIDEO TELECONFERENCING - A teleconference including 2 way video.
• VIRTUAL SPACE - A video conference where each person is the focus of a separate camera and has its own space on the monitor. Enables instructor to see each person at multiple sites at the same time.
• BBS- Bulletin Board System- A computer hooked to a telephone so users may use a modem to call in, provides electronic messaging.
• CHAT - Internet Relay Chat- IRC- Real-time conversation among as many as 50 people. May be restricted to a class or specific group.
• DOWNLOAD- Using the network to transfer files from one computer to another.. UPLOAD - Send a file from your computer to another computer.
• E-MAIL - Sending messages from one computer to another. Allows you to save, respond, share and print messages.
• FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL - FTP- A protocol that allows you to move files from a distqnt computer to a local computer using a network like Internet.
• HTML - Hyper Text Markup Language - The code or protocol used to create an Home page.
• HOME PAGE - A document with an address (URL) on WWW, maintaianed by a person or organization, contains pointers to other pieces of information.
• NETSCAPE- A software package that allows you d to design an home page and to browse what is on the WWW. It is users friendly.
• URL - Uniform Resource Locator- Address on the WWW.
• WWW - World Wide Web - Software that provides easy access to almost all Internet based information including images and sound.
• BROWSER - Easy to use software that allows you to find information on the Internet.

Transmissão do som

• Teleconferencing is the use of electronic channels to facilitate communication among groups of people at two or more locations. Teleconferencing is the generic term that refers to a variety of technologies and applications, including the technologies and applications defined below.
• Audioconferencing employs voice communications, usually accomplished using standard telephone lines. When more than one person is in a single location, speakerphones or special audioconference terminal equipment is employed. When more than two locations are involved, multipoint network bridging equipment is used.
• Audiographics Teleconferencing interconnects graphic display devices, such as computers, located at sites separated by distance. The technology generally allows participants to view the same high resolution (VGA or better) still-frame visual at each site. Some systems allow annotation, writing or drawing on the screen. Sophisticated systems allow collaboration where sites actually work together to develop a file or document based on one computer. Audiographics is usually used to enhance another form of teleconference, such as an audioconference, where high resolution images are crucial. Connections can be made using standard telephone lines or digital communications lines, including LAN/WAN and ISDN. Computer Conferencing uses electronic mail and file sharing to provide a time-independent teleconference. Participants can join the conference at any time, read other's comments and then add his or hers own comments. Often, this method is used to provide advanced preparatory materials or assignments for an upcoming audioconference, for example. It is also used to continue discussion that originated during an audio or videoconference.

Document sharing

A feature supported by many desktop videoconferencing systems that allows participants at both ends of a videoconference to view and edit the same computer document.

Multimedia Teleconferencing is an application where at least three of the above form of teleconferencing are used together to appeal to a variety of human senses or perceptions. An example is a teleconference using two-way audio/videoconferencing and audiographics. The videoconference system provides audio and video while the audiographics provides high resolution still frame visuals. Videoconferencing

Communication across long distances with video and audio contact that may also include graphics and data exchange.

Two-Way Videoconferencing is similar in concept to an audioconference. It employs voice and motion-video communications, usually accomplished using digital transmission systems, such as digital telephone lines (ISDN or Switched 56) or fiber optics. It can also use digital satellite or microwave transmission systems. A Coder/Decoder (CODEC) is used to digitize the audio and video to send over the digital telephone line. The Codec also converts the incoming audio and video from digital to analog. The Codec "compresses" the data to fit the transmission system being used. When more than two locations are involved, multipoint network bridging equipment is used.

One-Way Videoconferencing, also called Business Television (BTV), employs one-way motion-video from an origination site to multiple receive sites. It is used where it is not important to the content or message to "see" participants at the receive sites. Receiving sites are usually provided a way to respond to the origination site, usually by audioconference (voice) or facsimile. Common transmission systems include satellite and ITFS (Instructional Television Fixed Service). Standard telephone lines usually provide the interactive audio portion where desired.

Desktop videoconferencing

Videoconferencing on a personal computer. Most appropriate for small groups or individuals. Many desktop videoconferencing systems support document sharing. Room-based videoconferencing

Videoconferencing using a sophisticated system. Appropriate for large groups

Multipoint videoconference

Videoconference with more than two sites. The sites must connect via a video bridge. Point-to-point videoconference Videoconference between two sites.

Video bridge

March 25 TRAINING ON THE INTERNET (HRD 5770) Minnesota

All instruction and communications are conducted online using a Web browser and e-mail. For more information about the course go the following URL:

http://milkman.cac.psu.edu/~dlp/UM/umintro.html

Registrations will be accepted throught March 20, 1996

CONTACT: Heather German V: (612) 624-4033 FAX: (612) 624-5891 E-Mail: hgerman@mail.cee.umn.edu

Quality Distance Education (QDE)

Enhancing the Quality of Distance Education

What lessons have we learned about quality distance education? What factors will influence the success or failure of our distance education system?

Will investing millions in the latest technology guarantee success? What defines quality in the minds of our learners, faculty, administrators and those who pay the bills?